منابع مشابه
Can ANOVA measure causal strength?
The statistical technique of analysis of variance is often used by biologists as a measure of the relative strength or importance of causal factors. I argue that it is a tool ill-suited to this purpose, on several grounds. I suggest a superior alternative and outline its implications. I finish with a diagnosis of the source of error-an unwitting inheritance of bad philosophy that now requires t...
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While it is an important problem to identify the existence of causal associations between two components of a multivariate time series, a topic addressed in Runge, Heitzig, Petoukhov, and Kurths [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 258701 (2012)], it is even more important to assess the strength of their association in a meaningful way. In the present article we focus on the problem of defining a meaningful ...
متن کاملCausal Strength and Reliability: Two Processes in Causal Reasoning
The purpose of this study is to examine whether reasoners have two cognitive processes, the causal strength and the reliability, and how the processes work in causal judgments. In an experiment, participants’ causal judgments were varied depending on the conditions, which were introduced to activate either one of the two processes, as well as on the cell configurations between causes and effect...
متن کاملA Canonical Password Strength Measure
We notice that the “password security” discourse is missing a fundamental notion of the “password strength”. We propose a canonical measure of password’s strength. We give formal definition of the “guessing attack”, and the “attacker’s strategy”. The measure is based on the assessment of the efficiency of the best possible guessing attack. Unlike naive password strength assessments our measure ...
متن کاملStructure and strength in causal judgments
Several recent theories have attempted to account for the judgments people make about causal relationships. We argue that questions about causal structure, such as whether or not a causal relationship actually exists, make an important contribution to these judgments. We use graphical models, a formal tool for describing causality developed in computer science, to illustrate that two leading ra...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Quarterly Review of Biology
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0033-5770,1539-7718
DOI: 10.1086/529562